St. Gertrude the Great
Born: January 6, 1256
Died: November 17, 1302
Canonized:
Feast Day: November 16
Patron Saint of: West Indies
Benedictine and mystic writer; born in Germany, 6 Jan., 1256; died at Helfta,
near Eisleben, Saxony, 17 November, 1301 or 1302. Nothing is known of her
family, not even the name of her parents. It is clear from her life (Legatus,
lib. I, xvi) that she was not born in the neighborhood of Eisleben. When she was
but five years of age she entered the alumnate of Helfta. The monastery was at
that time governed by the saintly and enlightened Abbess Gertrude of Hackerborn,
under whose rule it prospered exceedingly, both in monastic observance and in
that intellectual activity which St.Lioba and her Anglo-Saxon nuns had
transmitted to their foundations in Germany. All that could aid to sanctity, or
favor contemplation and learning, was to be found in this hallowed spot. Here,
too, as to the center of all activity and impetus of its life, the work of
works-the Opus Dei, as St. Benedict terms the Divine Office - was solemnly
carried out. Such was Helfta when its portals opened to receive the child
destined to be its brightest glory. Gertrude was confided to the care of St.
Mechtilde, mistress of the alumnae and sister of the Abbess Gertrude. From the
first she had the gift of winning the hearts, and her biographer gives many
details of her exceptional charms, which matured with advancing years. Thus
early had been formed between Gertrude and Mechtilde the bond of an intimacy
which deepened and strengthened with time, and gave the latter saint a
preponderant influence over the former.
Partly in the alumnate, partly in the community, Gertrude had devoted herself to
study with the greatest ardor. In her twenty-sixth year there was granted her
the first of that series of visions of which the wonderful sequence ended only
with life. She now gauged in its fullest extent the void of which she had been
keenly sensible for some time past, and with this awakening came the realization
of the utter emptiness of all transitory things. With characteristic ardor she
cultivated the highest spirituality, and, to quote her biographer, "from being a
grammarian became a theologian", abandoning profane studies for the Scriptures,
patristic writings, and treatises on theology. To these she brought the same
earnestness which had characterized her former studies, and with indefatigable
zeal copied, translated, and wrote for the spiritual benefit of others. Although
Gertrude vehemently condemns herself for past negligence (Legatus, II, ii),
still to understand her words correctly we must remember that they express the
indignant self-condemnation of a soul called to the highest sanctity. Doubtless
her inordinate love of study had proved a hindrance alike to contemplation and
interior recollection, yet it had none the less surely safeguarded her from more
serious and grievous failings. Her struggle lay in the conquest of a sensitive
and impetuous nature. In St. Gertrude's life there are no abrupt phases, no
sudden conversion from sin to holiness. She passed from alumnate to the
community. Outwardly her life was that of the simple Benedictine nun, of which
she stands forth preeminently as the type. Her boundless charity embraced rich
and poor, learned and simple, the monarch on his throne and the peasant in the
field; it was manifested in tender sympathy towards the souls in purgatory, in a
great yearning for the perfection of souls consecrated to God. Her humility was
so profound that she wondered how the earth could support so sinful a creature
as herself. Her raptures were frequent and so absorbed her faculties as to
render her insensible to what passed around her. She therefore begged, for the
sake of others, that there might be no outward manifestations of the spiritual
wonders with which her life was filled. She had the gift of miracles as well as
that of prophecy.
When the call came for her spirit to leave the worn and pain-stricken body,
Gertude was in her forty-fifth or forty-sixth year, and in turn assisted at the
death-bed and mourned for the loss of the holy Sister Mechtilde (1281), her
illustrious Abbess Gertrude of Hackeborn (1291), and her chosen guide and
confidante, St. Mechtilde (1298). When the community was transferred in 1346 to
the monastery of New Helfta, the present Trud-Kloster, within the walls of
Eisleben, they still retained possession of their old home, where doubtless the
bodies of St. Gertrude and St. Mechtilde still buried, though their place of
sepulture remains unknown. There is, at least, no record of their translation.
Old Helfta is now crown-property, while New Helfta has lately passed into the
hands of the local municipality. It was not till 1677 that the name of Gertrude
was inscribed in the Roman Martyrology and her feast was extended to the
universal church, which now keeps it on 15 November, although it was at first
fixed on 17 November, the day of her death, on which it is still celebrated by
her own order. In compliance with a petition from the King of Spain she was
declared Patroness of the West Indies; in Peru her feast is celebrated with
great pomp, and in New Mexico a town was built in her honor and bears her name.
Some writers of recent times have considered that St. Gertrude was a Cistercian,
but a careful and impartial examination of the evidence at present available
does not justify this conclusion. It is well known that the Cistercian Reform
left its mark on many houses not affiliated to the order, and the fact that
Helfta was founded during the "golden age" of Cîteaux (1134-1342) is sufficient
to account for this impression.
Many of the writings of St. Gertrude have unfortunately perished. Those now
extant are:
The "Legatus Divinae Pietatis",
The "Exercises of St. Gertrude";
The "Liber Specialis Gratiae" of St. Mechtilde.
The works of St. Gertrude were all written in Latin, which she used with
facility and grace. The "Legatus Divinae Pietatis" (Herald of Divine Love)
comprises five books containing the life of St. Gertrude, and recording many of
the favors granted her by God. Book II alone is the work of the saint, the rest
being compiled by members of the Helfta community. They were written for her
Sisters in religion, and we feel she has here a free hand unhampered by the deep
humility which made it so repugnant for her to disclose favors personal to
herself. The "Exercises", which are seven in number, embrace the work of the
reception of baptismal grace to the preparation for death. Her glowing language
deeply impregnated with the liturgy and scriptures exalts the soul imperceptibly
to the heights of contemplation. When the "Legatus Divinae Pietatis" is compared
with the "Liber Specialis Gratiae" of St. Mechtilde, it is evident that Gertrude
is the chief, if not the only, author of the latter book. Her writings are also
colored by the glowing richness of that Teutonic genius which found its most
congenial expression in symbolism and allegory. The spirit of St. Gertrude,
which is marked by freedom, breadth, and vvigor is based on the Rule of St.
Benedict. Her mysticism is that of all the great contemplative workers of the
Benedictine Order from St. Gregory to Blosius. Hers, in a word, is that ancient
Benedictine spirituality which Father Faber has so well depicted (All for Jesus,
viii).
The characteristic of St. Gertrude's piety is her devotion to the Sacred Heart,
the symbol of that immense charity which urged the Word to take flesh, to
institute the Holy Eucharist, to take on Himself our sins, and, dying on the
Cross, to offer Himself as a victim and a sacrifice to the Eternal Father
(Congregation of Rites, 3 April, 1825). Faithful to the mission entrusted to
them, the superiors of Helfta appointed renowned theologians, chosen from the
Dominican and Franciscan friars, to examine the works of the saint. These
approved and commented them throughout. In the sixteenth century Lanspergius and
Blosius propagated her writings. The former, who with his confrere Loher spared
no pains in editing her works, also wrote a preface to them. The writings were
warmly received especially in Spain, and among the long list of holy and learned
authorities who used and recommended her works may be mentioned:
St. Teresa, who chose her as her model and guide,
Yepez,
the illustrious Francisco Suárez,
the Discalced Carmelite Friars of France,
St. Francis de Sales,
M. Oliver,
Fr. Faber,
Dom Guéranger.
The Church has inserted the name of Gertrude in the Roman Martyrology with this
eulogy: "On the 17th of November, in Germany (the Feast) of St. Gertrude Virgin,
of the Order of St. Benedict, who was illustrious for the gift of revelations."
